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Strength of unclipped cold-formed knee-walls under uniform lateral loading: a thesis submitted to the faculty of the Milwaukee School of Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Structural Engineering / by Deanna M. Engelmeyer.

by Engelmeyer, Deanna M. author., Raebel, Dr. Christopher , Huttelmaier, Dr. Hans-Peter , Davis, Dr. Todd thesis advisor , Milwaukee School of Engineering

[Milwaukee School of Engineering], [2018]

Building, Iron and steel

Steel, Structural

Steel--Cold-working

cold-formed steel framing

knee-wall connections

curtainwall construction

121 leaves : illustrations, some of which are in color ; 29 cm

List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Nomenclature -- Glossary -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Chapter 2: Literature Review and Present Practices; 2.1 ASTM A1008: Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy, High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, Solution Hardened, and Bake Hardened; 2.2 Mechanical Properties of Structural Stainless Steels by Tylek and Kuchta; 2.3 ASTM A875: Standard Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-5% Aluminum Alloy-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process; 2.4 Residual Stresses in Cold-Formed Steel Member by Weng and Pekoz; 2.5 Connectors for Cold-Formed Steel Construction by SIMPSON Strong-Tie -- Chapter 3: Experimental Program; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Test Specimen Overview; 3.3 Screw Capacity Overview; 3.4 Test Assembly Overview; 3.5 Test Procedure; 3.5.1 Initial Test Frame Setup; 3.5.2 Pre-Test Procedure; 3.5.3 Testing Procedure; 3.5.4 Post-Test Procedure -- Chapter 4: Experimental Results; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Determination of Screw Forces at the Base Attachment; 4.3 Experimental Results; 4.3.1 Screw Capacity Testing; 4.3.2 18-Gauge on Metal Deck; 4.3.3 18-Gauge on Structural Steel Channel; 4.3.4 16-Gauge on Metal Deck; 4.3.5 16-Gauge on Structural Steel Channel; 4.3.6 14-Gauge on Structural Steel Channel -- Chapter 5: Data Analysis; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Screw Capacity Data Comparison; 5.3 Data Comparison -- Chapter 6: Discussion and Conclusion; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Discussion of Experimental Results; 6.3 Comparison to SIMPSON's RCKW5.5 Clip; 6.4 Conclusion; 6.5 Need for Future Research -- References -- Appendix A: Sample Knee-Wall Connection Calculation -- Appendix B: Shop Drawings -- Appendix C: Material Testing -- Appendix D: Screw Capacity Testing -- Appendix E: Test Data Output.

The industry standard for designing the movement-resisting connection of a cold-formed knee-wall is to provide a light gauge clip angle at the location of the connection. Because of the cantelevering nature of a knee wall, clip angles provide additional rotational stiffness to effectively resist he movement that accumulates at the base. The purpose of this research initiative was to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the effects of a laterally loaded cold-formed knee-wall without the use of a light gauge clip angle. The experimental program included 18 full-scale tests. The three stud gauges, 18-, 16-, ad 14-gauge, were tested under two base connection configurations: a structural steel channel and metal deck. Using the data obtained from testing, the movement capacity of the unclipped knee-wall connection was calculated and compared to the published values for connections with a light gauge clip. Screw capacity tests were conducted to show why different connection limit states controlled for certain knee-wall tests. The testing showed that the Hillman machine screws can achieve a higher tensile rupture capacity than the generic machine screws, causing the stud-to-tack connection first by tear out. The tests performed on the metal deck base material did not produce as consistent results as the steel channel tests because of the constructability base connections. The tests attaching to the sructural steel channel base material resulted in higher bending capacity because the rupture capacity of the machine screws is greater than the pullout capacity of the self-drilling screws.

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