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The validity of utilizing swine blood in cardiopulmonary models : a literature review / Han-Sen Sun.

by Sun, Han-Sen

Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Animal models.

Swine -- Physiology.

88 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

Advisor: Dr. Ronald Gerrits

Committee members: Dr. Larry Fennigkoh, Dr. Charles Tritt

Introduction -- Background -- Materials and methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusion.

The swine is one of the models that has been used for biomedical research. It is used in place of humans to test physiological responses to challenges, including the responses of blood to the challenges of cardiopulmonary bypass. Whether these studies accurately reflect the human condition is dependent upon how closely swine blood resembles and reacts to challenges in the same way that human blood would. It is important to understand the similarities and differences between swine and human blood when interpreting studies performed using the swine as a model.

The goal of this thesis is to investigate the similarities and differences between human and swine blood. Through a literature review, this study focuses on comparing blood between the two species in the areas of: red blood cells, coagulation/fibrinolytic systems, and immune response. This is done as an aid for interpreting CPB studies that utilize swine blood.

Although smaller, the porcine red blood cell displays similar behaviors to human red blood cells. Erythrocytes from both species have biconcave shapes and form roleaux complexes. The porcine red blood cell is more prone to hemolysis from osmotic pressure than the human red blood cell. Isotonicity in NaCl is 0.85% in the porcine RBC compared to 0.90% in humans.

The components of the coagulation/fibrinolytic pathways are highly conserved between humans and swine. Yet the swine has a more active intrinsic clotting pathway and less responsive extrinsic clotting pathway. Platelet behaviors are comparable under various conditions including cardiopulmonary bypass. Coagulation disorders in humans can be modeled in the swine. The similarities in the coagulation factor VIII permits clinical use in treating hemophilic patients.

The immune response in swine is comparable to humans. The functions and expression of different immune system components are alike between the two species. Transfusion reactions in the swine are witnessed when non cross-matched blood is given to the recipient. This phenomenon can result from red blood cell antigen incompatibility from one of the sixteen porcine red blood cell blood groups. Two distinctions in the swine immune systems are the lack of native antibodies necessary for an immune response to blood type incompatibility and the inability of swine complement complex to attach to homologous red blood cells. These findings indicate that the possibilities of erythrocyte agglutination and lysis when pooling of swine blood is used may be neglected.

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