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Walter Schroeder Library, Milwaukee School of Engineering
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Meier, Austin.
Subjects
Steel, Structural
Bolts and nuts
Strength of materials
Load factor design
Strains and stresses
MSST Project.
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by author:
Meier, Austin.
by title:
Effects of bolt spac...
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Effects of bolt spacing on prying action in thick flanged WT shapes / by Austin Meier.
by
Meier, Austin.
Subjects
Steel, Structural
Bolts and nuts
Strength of materials
Load factor design
Strains and stresses
MSST Project.
Description:
135 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.
Contents:
Thesis advisor: Dr. Christopher Raebel.
Committee members: Michael Kempfert, Dr. Hans-Peter Huttelmaier.
Introduction -- Literature review -- Experimental procedure -- Data analysis and results -- Conclusions and recommendations -- A: Connection and assembly calculations -- B: Sample code calculation -- C: Shop drawings -- D: Instrumented bolt installation instructions -- E: Testing protocol -- F: Data and graphs -- G: Force versus strain curves -- H: Copyright permissions.
Prying action is a phenomenon that occurs in bolted angle and WT shapes subjected to tension. Numerous studies have been conducted to learn how prying forces act in connections. One variable that needs additional study is the relationship between bolt spacing and prying force. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of bolt spacing on prying actions through experimentation and then comparing to current design provisions.
Research on five unique specimen configurations were developed with varying bolt spacings of 1.5b, 2.0b, 2.5b, 3.0b, and 4.0b, where b is the distance from the edge of the stem to the center of the bolt holes. Such spacings were chosen to test two bolt spacings that are within the AISC upper limit to tributary length to compare to current design provisions, and then to extrapolate past the 2.0b limit to determine the relationship between bolt spacing and prying force. Each specimen was connected with two instrumented bolts for means of collecting strain within the bolts from being subjected to 100 kips of axial tensile load. From the recorded strains, bolt forces and prying forces present in the bolts were determined. In addition, deflection was measured at three key points: system (total) deflection, stem deflection and flange deflection.
Results show an inverse relationship between bolt spacing and prying forces. As spacing increased between the bolts, the prying force decreased, and although more deformation occurred in the flange along the orthogonal length of the specimen, it wasn't significant enough to cause any further impact on the prying action forces in its respective direction. It was concluded that AISC provisions are conservative with respect to prying force estimation. It was also found was that the tributary length for each bolt tended to be considerably larger than what is allowed by AISC provisions. An effective thickness modification factor is recommended that allows for more efficient designs in prying action models.
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Walter Schroeder Library
Master's Theses
AC805 .M45 2012
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